The University was formally inaugurated on March 20, 1965 by Shri LalBahadurShastri, the then Hon'ble Prime Minister of India. Another Significant milestone was the inauguration of the University's building programme by Smt Indira Gandhi the then Hon’blePrime Minister of India on June 23. 1966. Subsequently, the University was renamed as Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) on November 7, 1996 in honour and memory of an outstanding Parliamentarian, Acharya N.G. Ranga who rendered remarkable self-less service for the cause of the farmers and is regarded as an outstanding educationist, Kissan leader and freedom fighter.

As a result of bifurcation of state of Andhra Pradesh in the year 2014, PJTSAU was established on 03-09-2014 by an act of legislature. Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU) named in honour and memory of Professor Jayashankar, an eminent educationist and an ardent Telangana ideologue is the only Farm University of Telangana State. It was established as per the Telangana Govt’s G.O. Ms. No. 7, Agricultural and Cooperation (Agril III) Department, Govt. of Telangana dated 31-07-2014 adapting the ANGRAU act 1993 as “The ANGRAU Act of 1963 (Telangana Adaptation) order, 2014”. PJTSAU has nine constituent colleges with six of those devoted to faculty of Agriculture, two to faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology and one to faculty of Home Science. In addition, there are thirteen constituent polytechnics (eleven in Agriculture, one each in Seed Science and Agricultural Engineering). There are Sixteen Agricultural Research Stations, including three Regional Agricultural Research Stations, nine District Agricultural Advisory and Transfer of Technology Centres (DAATTCs), eightKrishiVigyanKendras (KVKs), one each of Extension Education Institute (EEI), Agricultural Information and Communication Centre (AI&CC), Agricultural Technology Information Centre (ATIC) and Electronic Media Wingspread across the State with Scientific supporting and Administrative Staff, apart from a good contingent of Labour Force.It caters to the needs of an enterprising farming community of Telangana, which is endowed with abundant natural resources, diverse soil and agro-climatic conditions suitable for varied cropping systems and has the potential to become the ‘Seed bowl of India’’.